Galactosidases are a class of enzymes that break down galactosidic bonds, including α-galactosidase and β-galactosidase, involved in various biological processes such as the metabolism of glycoproteins and glycolipids. These enzymes are located in the cytoplasm, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum, and are widely present in various tissues of the human body. By catalyzing the breakdown of substances containing galactose, they participate in the normal metabolism and signal transduction of cells. Specific expression patterns and genetic mutations can affect their function, potentially leading to accumulation diseases (such as Fabry disease and Gaucher disease), which are often due to the lack of activity of the respective enzyme, leading to the accumulation of specific substances within cells, thereby affecting the normal function of cells and tissues.