The M2 proton channel is a key protein of influenza A virus, consisting of a tetramer with each subunit forming a transmembrane helix. Located in the viral envelope, its main function is to regulate the internal pH of the virus, facilitating viral replication. The functionality and drug resistance of the M2 channel are closely linked to gene mutations, particularly under drug selection pressure, mutations in the M2 gene may lead to the ineffectiveness of existing medications.