The lipase family comprises various enzymes such as pancreatic lipase, phospholipase, and triglyceride lipase, primarily responsible for lipid breakdown. These enzymes possess specific active sites that can selectively recognize and catalyze the release of fatty acids. Lipases are expressed in cells such as the liver, small intestine, and adipose tissue, participating in lipolysis, lipid metabolism, and regulation of energy balance. By activating specific signaling pathways such as fatty acid beta-oxidation, lipases play a crucial role in energy production and storage. The specificity of gene expression and genetic mutations affect the activity and stability of lipases, closely linking them to the risks of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.