c-Fms (CSF-1 receptor), belonging to the receptor tyrosine kinase family, consists of an extracellular binding domain, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular kinase domain. It is primarily expressed on the surface of macrophages and some white blood cells, responsible for regulating the growth, differentiation, and survival of these cells. c-Fms activates multiple signaling pathways by binding to its ligand CSF-1, including the PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and STAT pathways, affecting inflammation, immune regulation, and bone marrow production. Its specific expression and mutations, especially activating mutations, are associated with the development of various diseases, including tumors, inflammatory diseases, and osteoporosis. Therefore, c-Fms has become a potential therapeutic target for these diseases.